Searching the Internet

Search engines perform searches of the Internet from criteria provided by users. The search terms provided by users may be:

  1. single words such as 'music' or 'protein' (keywords)
  2. more complex terms made up of more than one keyword linked by Boolean operators
  3. phrases enclosed in quotation marks
  4. phrases written in 'natural' language
  5. refinements of these techniques with tools specific to particular search engines

One place to start searching the Internet is in your browser, just click the Search button in the toolbar. In IE this will open a panel on the left of the screen with some simple search options. If you enter 'http://search.msn.com' into the URL bar you will get the MS search page and a list of five search engines to choose from in the left hand panel. The Netscape home page, 'http://search.netscape.com', provides a similar range of search options.

Types of Search Engine

There are broadly two types:

  1. Those based on the indexing of web pages by software and searching by keywords (such as Alta Vista and Google)
  2. Those based on directories of topics defined by human operators (such as Yahoo and LookSmart) - these usually offer keyword searching as well

A number of sites feature both keyword searching and directories and the services offered may be a combination of those provided by other organisations. 

Many searches of the Internet are performed by entering a single keyword and taking the first few references from the list provided. Queries based on a single keyword search are likely to produce lists with hundreds of thousands of page references, far too many to examine, and it may be that the page you want is buried somewhere deep inside these enormous lists. The issue for Internet searchers, therefore, is how to locate the few pages which may answer a query in exactly the way required and with exactly the right content. For searches of popular artists, recent films or items you want to buy a simple keyword search may produce exactly the pages you require without further effort or refinement, but searching for good academic material at the correct level of difficulty may prove far more tricky.

For effective searching you should learn to use a number of the major search engines and also some of the more specialised tools available. No one search tool can be said to be the best, though there may be some you trust more than others.

On-Line Guides
Internet Scout
Scientific American
University of Albany
University of Berkeley
Bright Planet  
How to Search

Useful Tools
Smartborg
Web Search
Alexa
Copernic
UCMore
Zapper
Gnutella
Link Popularity

Search engines
Google
AltaVista
All The Web
HotBot
Northern Light

Excite
Lycos
Go
BBCi

Directories  
Yahoo

Looksmart

About
UKPlus
WebCrawler
Infomine
Clearinghouse
Librarians' Index
Magellan
RDN
InfoSurf UCSB
WWW Virtual Library
Open Directory
Yahooligans

Metasearch Engines
Search
Dogpile
InFind
Metacrawler

Meta Tools
The Big Hub
Directory Guide
Web Taxi
All-in-One
Beaucoup
Profusion

Ixquick
Inference Find

Searchable Databases
Direct Search
Lycos Databases

On-Line Libraries
Library of Congress
Internet Public Library
Digital Librarian
BUBL

Natural Language
Ask Jeeves

Simpli

Abroad
EuroSeek

Spanish
Matilda
Africa
Virtual Tourist

News
The Guardian
Electronic Telegraph
The Times
The Financial Times
Reuters
Ananova
Computer Wire
News Tracker
NewsHub

Images & Maps
WebSeek

Yahoo
Sygma
Giraudon
Maps Database

Sample Searches and Questions

What was Henry VII's Foreign Policy?

Why do birds sing?

How old is the universe?

Who wrote Shakespeare's plays?

How do you recognise a genuine Stradivarius?

Is there life on other planets?

Why do Jews light candles during Hanukkah?

Organic and Inorganic Fertilisers

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